Det er ikke en utfordring å finne informasjon om investorpsykologi og hvilke tendenser som påvirker oss daglig, dette er det skrevet veldig mye om. Det var mer utfordrende å finne bevisene og i hvor stor grad våre handlinger ødelegger for oss, men jeg fant noe.
Bevisene
Etter litt kom jeg over en rapport fra analyseselskapet DALBAR, Inc., de har noen interessante opplysninger om saken. Siden 1994 har de analysert fondsinvestorer sine kjøp og salg, og bruker data tilbake til 1986. Konklusjonen er tydelig
Investment results are more dependent on investor behavior than on fund performance. Mutual fund investors who hold on to their investments have been more successful than those who try to time the market.
En av utfordringene er, vi klarer ikke å holde på investeringen i lang nok tid. Det lengste er smålige 4 år, og det i oppgangsmarkedene, til tross for at anbefalt holde tid er 10 – 15 år.
De viser hvor mye vi taper på dette ved å sammenligne annualisert avkastning til en gjennomsnittlig fondsinvestor mot S&P 500. Annualisert avkastning til S&P 500 fra 1986 til å med 2015 er 10,16 %, og den gjennomsnittlige fondsinvestor har en annualisert avkastning på 3,98 %.
Hvor forsvinner 6,18 % av avkastningen? De peker på kortsiktig tenkning og markedstiming. Investorer er ikke tålmodige nok, eller flinke til å kjøpe og selge på riktig tidspunkt, dette er psykologi. Transaksjonskostnader og andre ting påvirker også avkastningen negativt i forhold til en indeks, men at psykologi er en av de avgjørende effekten er det ingen tvil om.
Når vi ser 20 år tilbake, har den gjennomsnittlige fondsinvestor underprestert S&P 500 med 3,52 %. Investorpsykologi står for 1,50 % av underpresentasjonen, i følge DALBAR, Inc. I kakediagrammet nedenfor har jeg lagt inn tallene fra rapporten, hvor de har delt opp 3,52 % i fire grunner til underprestasjonen.
Nesten halvparten av de tapte pengene til den gjennomsnittlige fondsinvestor er på grunn av psykologi. Vi har ikke tålmodighet/psyken til å holde fondene, selger i panikk, handler for ofte, og vi klarer ikke å time markedet. Hvor mange ganger har vi ikke hørt at fondskostnader er monsteret som gjemmer seg under senga? Kanskje vi burde fokusere mer på oss selv.
Dalbar Inc. lister opp 9 tendenser som påvirker oss, disse vil jeg skrive om dypere i nye innlegg senere.
- Loss Aversion.
- Narrow Framing.
- Mental Accounting.
- Lack of Diversification.
- Anchoring.
- Optimisme.
- Media Respons.
- Regret.
- Herding.
Seniorstrateg Christian Lie viste til en analyse fra J.P. Morgan på Twitter, og der kommer det fram at å miste 10 av de beste dagene i aksjemarkedet, ødelegger avkastningen oppsiktsvekkende mye. Ved å være fult investert i et S&P 500 indeks fond fra 1998 til å med 2017, ville du fått 3,57 % høyere årlig avkastning, enn om du prøvde å time markedet, og bommet på de 10 beste dagene. Samtidig kom 6 av de beste dagene innen to uker av de 10 dårligste dagene, det passer bra for oss som selger i panikk.
I en annen studie av Barber og Odean (2000), fant de ved å analysere 66.465 kontoer holdt av private investorer i perioden 1991 – 1996, at den gjennomsnittlige investoren underpresterte med 3,7 % årlig. Grunnen, fant de, er at vi handler for ofte, som betyr høye transaksjonskostnader, og at vi fokuserer på mindre selskaper, som betyr høyere risiko. For å gjøre det tydeligere, pekte de på 20 % av investorene som handlet hyppigst, de underpresterte indeksen med 10,3 % årlig. 10,3 %. Barber og Odean pekte på at vi handlet for mye, og fokuserte på risikable investeringer, på grunn av høy selvtillit, eller sagt på en annen måte, overdreven tro på egne evner. Igjen, psykologi.
Derfor er det viktig å vite om investorpsykologi
Vi er elendige til å time markedet, vi har ikke tålmodighet, vi klarer ikke å holde fondene gjennom vanskelige tider, og vi handler for hyppig. På grunn av dette, forsvinner avkastningen vår og renters rente effekten. Dette har rot i vår psykologi. Vil du kunne øke avkastningen dine ved å være oppmerksom på dette tema? Ja.
MEN DET GJELDER IKKE MEG, gjør det?
Vi har jo en overdreven tro på oss selv, på engelsk overconfidence-bias, og derfor vil vi ikke tro at dette gjelder oss.
Nettside om finans, sparing og personlig økonomi. Vårt mål er å bli økonomisk sterke ved å spare penger og investere smart.
Tilbakeping: Hvorfor er det Viktig å Spare i Aksjefond - Aksjer og sparing
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